作　者：易闻晓
关键词：大赋；名物；推类；铺陈
摘　要：

“赋”训布、敷、铺，具有铺展、陈列、敷布、溥遍、广大诸义“。赋”是无数单个殊别之物的类聚，广大溥遍的名物铺陈乃是赋体的本质。大赋最得其本，四言一顺的散语长句以其气势力量迫使赋家“极推类而言”，汇聚殊方奇异和想象之物，展现巨丽的名物铺陈。人们基于主观的认识、观念和态度称名指物，如从兽类的形状、鸣声、毛色、年岁和物性、功用分别命名，或一字一物，或以双字偏正、并列的组合增益大量名物，在赋体铺陈中反映名物叠复的普遍现象。赋家博物，究在识字之多；赋资学问，是惟字类之富；赋称为“学”，固以字学为本。在兽类名物的铺陈，则虎以百兽之长与诸多猛兽及其它动物并列，或本星象龙虎为配，或虎兕、虎豹、虎狼、虎与貙、犴、熊、罴诸物类聚，或与玃、猱、㹶、猿、狖、麖、麋并处相从。不是一地物类存在的客观反映以及猛兽相残与弱肉强食的自然法则，而是“苞括宇宙”“控引天地”的巨丽场景，显示赋体凭虚铺陈的本质特征。

 

The Original Meaning of Fu and the Objects of Analogy And Epideictic Expression

Yi Wenxiao（Guizhou Normal University）

Abstract Fu has been elucidated as bu, fu or pu, which means exhibiting, displaying, permeating and expanding. As a constellation of numerous unique objects, fu, in essence, must be the superordinate expressions of those objects. There is a decided emphasis on the grand fu which forces writers to analogize extremely with prosaic sentences of four words, to enumerate the various bizarre and imaginative objects and to elaborate on verbal virtuosity. Objects are named by subjective recognition, concept and attitude, i.e. to name by the shapes, sounds, ages and functions of beasts, with one object by one character, or two via adjective-noun and juxta positional combinations, so as to reflect the pervasive overlapping and repetition of names. Writers overwhelm readers for their verbal virtuosity, and the knowledge of fu is based on the abundance of characters. In term of the exhaustive expressions of beasts, hu (tiger), the king of beasts, can be juxtaposed with  long (dragon) based on astrology, or with other beasts of prey, such as si (female rhino), bao (leopard), lang (wolve), chu (big fox-skinned beast), an (a species of dog), xiong (bear), pi (brown bear), or accompanied by jue, nao, ting, you (different kinds of monkeys), yuan (ape), jing (red deer) and mi (elk). The essential feature of the epideictic expression of fu is manifested by a grandiose scenery of the universe rather than an objective reflection of the existence of objects or the natural law of the jungle.

Key words grand fu; objects; analogy; epideictic expression

 

■作者简介 易闻晓，文学博士，贵州师范大学文学院教授、博士生导师；贵州 贵阳 550001。

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