作　者：申建林 邱雨
关键词：网络空间；公共领域；国家治理
摘　要：

 “公共领域”作为公共权力领域和私人领域之间的公众话语实践领域，已成为当代政治哲学中用于评判政治权力的公开性、公共性和理性化的强有力概念。传统媒体时代逐渐式微的公共领域在网络空间中将面临何种命运，学术界已出现了重构论与解构论之间的重大争议。重构论基于网络信息来源多样性、话语主体多元化、政治商业侵蚀的弱化、网络监督参与的可行性等事实而坚信网络空间给公共领域带来了重构的前景。解构论则根据网络话语交往的无秩序性和非理性、信息失真和过剩、技术和社会经济政治因素的侵蚀而认为网络难以成为公共领域的成长空间。通过对这场学术争议的认识论根源的挖掘可以发现：研究视角上的宏观构成要件与微观交往生态的差异、研究案例选取上的对异质网络舆论议题的同质化处理和对权力主体反应的整体化解读是导致重构论与争构论之争的实质所在。重构与解构之争恰好反映了网络空间公共领域的双重性：既具有一定的激活功能，也带来解构性特征。要解决解构性问题，需要通过明晰网络话语交往属性、推动“线上”言论规范的法治化而实现公共领域的现代转型。

Reconstruction or Deconstruction

A Dispute About the Fate of the Public Sphere in Cyberspace

 

Shen Jianlin (Wuhan University)

Qiu Yu (Xi’an Jiaotong University)

 

Abstract As a field of public discourse practice between the public power sphere and the private sphere, the public sphere has become a powerful concept used to judge the openness, publicity and rationalization of political power in contemporary political philosophy. With regard to the fate of the gradually fading public sphere of the traditional media era, there has been a great debate between the theories of reconstruction and deconstruction. The theory of reconstruction firmly believes that cyberspace brings the prospect of reconstruction to the public sphere based on such facts as the diversity of network information sources, the diversification of discourse subjects, the weakening of political and commercial erosion and the feasibility of network super-vision participation. The deconstruction theory considers that it is difficult for the Internet to become a space for growth in the public sphere based on the disorder and irrationality of network discourse communication, the distortion and excess of information, and the erosion of technological and social, economic and political factors. Through the excavation of the epistemological roots of this academic controversy, this paper finds that the differences between the macro-constituent elements and the micro-communication ecology in the perspective of research, the homogeneous treatment of heterogeneous Internet public opinion issues in the selection of research cases, and the integrated interpretation of the reaction of power subjects is the essence of the dispute between the reconstruction theory and the deconstruction theory. The debate between reconstruction and de- construction reflects the duality of the public sphere in cyberspace: it not only has a certain activation function, but also brings deconstructive characteristics. To solve the problem of deconstruction, we need to realize the modern transformation of the public sphere by clarifying the attributes of online discourse communication and promoting the legalization of “online” speech norms.

Key words cyberspace; public sphere; state governance

 

■ 作者简介 申建林，政治学博士，武汉大学政治与公共管理学院教授、博士生导师；湖北 武汉 430072；

邱 雨，政治学博士，西安交通大学马克思主义学院讲师；陕西 西安 710049。

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