作　者：张萌
关键词：马克思；人的本质；隐喻；方法论
摘　要：

“人的本质在其现实性上是一切社会关系的总和”是马克思关于人的本质的经典论述。如果将“总和”解读为数学意义上的加总，这是将抽象物实体化的本体隐喻，马克思以此明晰人的类特性；如果将“总和”解读为全体参与者的演唱，这是创造了美妙相似性的新隐喻，马克思以此强调人的现实存在及其活动；如果将“总和”解读为现实的个人、他们的活动、他们的物质生活条件，这是对人生有一种新的理解的隐喻，马克思以此彰显改变世界视域内探究人究竟为何的方法进路。马克思关于人的本质的经典表述的隐喻研究，揭示其语境中人从旁观者到行动者的转场，呈现其研究旨趣中解释世界和改变世界的双重诉求，凸显其实践智慧中与中国哲学通变思维高度契合的方法论特质。

 

The Metaphor of ''Ensemble'': Further Explanation of Marx's Theory of ''the Human Essence''

Zhang Meng（Wuhan University）

Abstract ''In its reality it (the human essence) is the ensemble of the social relations'' is Marx's classic exposition on the human essence. If ensemble is interpreted as sum in mathematical sense, it is an ontological metaphor that reifies abstractions, through which Marx clarifies the species-character of human; If ensemble is interpreted as a chorus sung by all participants, it is a new metaphor that creates a beautiful similarity, through which Marx emphasizes the real existence and activities of human beings. If ensemble is interpreted as individuals in its reality, their activities, and their material living conditions, it is a metaphor for having a new understanding of life, through which Marx highlights the methodological approach to exploring what man truly is within the horizon of changing the world. A metaphorical study of Marx's classic expression on human essence can reveal the transition of human being from spectator to actor, presents the dual demands of how to interpret the world and how to change the world in his research, and highlights the methodological focus of his practical wisdom that is highly consistent with the flexible thinking in Chinese philosophy.

Key words  Marx; the human essence; Metaphor; Methodology

■作者简介  张  萌，武汉大学马克思主义学院讲师，湖北 武汉 430072。

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