作　者：董坤
关键词：慎捕；法规范控制体系；径行逮捕；权利保障；《刑事诉讼法》修改
摘　要：

 历次修法中涉及逮捕的制度机制的演进轨迹和条文变化的内在逻辑表明，为实现“慎捕”目标，《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》（以下简称《刑事诉讼法》）已初步构筑起一套结构严谨、衔接有序、层次分明的关于逮捕权的法规范控制体系。该体系在事前的权力配置阶段“两次分离”逮捕权，以具体社会危险性评估为重心改造逮捕要件；在事中的权力行使阶段以“兼听则明”为原则设计了充分听取控辩双方意见的审查逮捕机制；在事后的权力制约阶段要求检察院、法院及时纠正撤销错捕决定，释放犯罪嫌疑人。从司法办案的角度来看，现有的法规范控制体系在规则制定和程序执行时仍有不足和缺漏，如逮捕权分离不彻底，控辩意见“兼听”机制保障不充分，径行逮捕条件设计机械、不周延，当事人对错捕的救济途径缺失等。本轮《刑事诉讼法》修改应坚持“实践—规范”的互动逻辑，关注司法实践，将解决和弥补逮捕中的权力运行失范和权利保障不足等现实问题作为修法方向，破难题、开新局，不断推动中国刑事诉讼法治现代化进程。

 

On the Legal System of Control over "Prudent Arrest" And Solutions to Related Practical Problems

Dong Kun（Chinese Academy of Social Sciences）

Abstract  By examining the evolutionary trajectory of institutional mechanisms related to arrest and the internal logic of changes in the related provisions of successive amendments to the law, it becomes evident that the Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China has established a rigorously structured, well-coordinated, and well-arranged basic legal system over control on the power of arrest in order to achieve "prudent arrest". The system comprises three distinct phases; Before arrest, the system requires "two- time separation" of power of arrest at time of its allocation, with necessary conditions of arrest being centered around assessments of specific social risk; During the exercise of power, it is imperative to "listen to both the prosecution and the defense" in the review of arrests; After arrest, to restrict the power, there is a necessity for prompt revocation and rectification of erroneous arrest decisions, as well as the release of suspects. From a practical standpoint, deficiencies and omissions regarding rule formulation and the implementation of procedure execution still exist in current control system. These include the incomplete separation of powers of arrest, insufficient support for the mechanism of "listening to both the prosecution and the defense", inexhaustive conditions for direct arrest with mechanical design, and absence of remedies by the parties involved in erroneous arrest decisions. The ongoing amendments to the Criminal Procedure Law should align with the interactive logic of "practice-norms", prioritize judicial practice, and address the underlying issues of under-regulated power execution and inadequate protection of rights during arrest. This approach will facilitate breakthroughs in addressing complex challenges and pave the way for continuous advancement in the modernization of Chinese criminal procedure legal framework.

Key words  prudent arrest; legal system of control; direct arrest; protection of rights; amendments to the Criminal Procedure Law

 

■作者简介  董坤，中国社会科学院法学研究所研究员，中国社会科学院大学教授，北京 100720。

 

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