作　者：何志鹏
关键词：长臂管辖；霸权主义；美国立法；法律的域外适用；涉外法治；国家利益；开放发展
摘　要：

起于美国的一系列长臂管辖做法引起了中国政府和法学专家的关注，现有的理论成果对长臂管辖的产生和发展已经有了较周密和细致的分析。美国在国家经济和法律发展的过程中逐渐突破了属地、属人管辖，而形成了立法、司法、行政立体化的长臂管辖体系，提升了法律的攻击性。美国长臂管辖的弊端不在于其法律的域外适用，而在于其适用方式与范围超越了国际法治的基本尺度，没有进行必要的克制。从制度评价的角度看，国家开放发展的程度越深，就越需考虑法律的投送能力。但问题在于，必须找到合适的界限，也就是采取法律域外适用的手段要考虑利益平衡，不能为了保护本国低层次的利益而损害外国高层次的利益。在中国日益促进开放发展、统筹推进国内法治和涉外法治的背景下，也需考虑中国法律的域外投送能力。但更需要在互利共赢的基础上设计制度，而不能单纯地考虑自身利益而不顾他方诉求。只有在共商共建的国际制度中，才能更好地迎接共同挑战，完善国际法治，建设人类命运共同体。   

 

Offense and Defense in Jurisdiction Concerning Foreign-related Rule of Law

He Zhipeng（Jilin University）

Abstract  A series of long-arm jurisdiction practices originated in the U.S. have attracted the attention  of the Chinese government and legal experts. Existing theoretical writings have made thorough and detailed analyses on the emergence and development of long-arm jurisdiction. In the process of national economic and legal development, the U.S. gradually broke through traditional territorial and personal jurisdiction, and have formed a long-arm jurisdiction system with three-dimensions, including legislation, judiciary and administration, which have enhanced the offensiveness of the law. The problems in U.S. long-arm jurisdiction is not the extraterritorial application of its laws, but the fact that its application method and scope exceed the basic standards of the international rule of law, and no necessary restraint was placed. From the perspective of institutional evaluation, it is necessary to consider the ability to apply its laws abroad with deepening openness of a state. A suitable boundary is required, that is, when adopting the means of extraterritorial application of law, the balance of interests must be considered. High-level interests of foreign states should not be harmed when protecting low-level domestic interests. In the context of China's increasing promotion of opening up and development, and the pushing forward of domestic and foreign-related rule of law, it is necessary to consider the ability of Chinese law to apply outside its jurisdiction. However, the legal regime must be designed in the con‐ text of mutual interest, instead of merely caring about its own interest and disregarding the demands of others. Only in the international system of extensive consultation and joint construction can we meet common challenges better, improve international rule of law, and build a human community with a shared future.

Key words long-arm jurisdiction; hegemony; U.S. legislation; extraterritorial application of law; foreign-related rule of law; national interests; open development

 

■    作者简介 何志鹏，法学博士，吉林大学理论法学研究中心教授，吉林大学法学院教授、博士生导师；吉林 长春130012。

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