作　者：王海娟 胡守庚
关键词：农民组织化；村社集体；小农农业；中国式农业现代化；农业经营体制创新；三权分置
摘　要：

推动小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接的根本是实现农民组织化，村社集体构成中国式农业现代化道路的组织基础。在农业现代化进程中，小农农业国家主要存在小农户与大生产以及小农户与大市场两种不同的矛盾，我国小农户的主体是种植粮食作物的粮农，主要面临与大生产的矛盾。我国在家庭承包经营制度改革时就确立了以家庭承包经营为基础、统分结合的双层经营体制，强调发挥村社集体的组织作用，但当前日益弱化的村社集体把小农户组织起来非常困难。地方政府探索出了“整合土地经营权”的做法，通过赋权再造了村社集体，破解了农民组织化困境，提高了小农农业的生产社会化程度。集体土地制度构成农民组织化的制度基础，有利于克服小农户与大生产的矛盾，建立在土地私有制基础上的基层组织很难将小农户组织起来进行大生产。基于此，我国有望探索出小农农业基础上的特色农业现代化道路，该道路区别于学界提出的“横向一体化”和“纵向一体化”道路，具有兼顾农民问题与农业问题的制度功能，体现了社会主义农业制度的独特性。

 

The Innovation of the Village Collective and the Chinese Road Of Agriculture Modernization

Wang Haijuan，Hu Shougeng (China University of Geosciences, Wuhan)

Abstract The fundamental issue to promote the organic connection between small farmers and the development of modern agriculture is to realize the organization of farmers. Village community collectives constitute the organizational basis of the road of Chinese agricultural modernization. In small-scale agricultural countries, the development of agricultural modernization mainly faces two different contradictions: small farmers and large-scale production and small farmers and large market. The main body of small farmers in China is the farmers planting food crops, which mainly faces the contradiction with large-scale production. During the reform of household contract management system, China established a two-tier management system based on household contract management and the combination of unification and division, emphasizing the organizational role of village collective. However, it is difficult for the weakening village collective to organize farmers for socialized production. The local government has explored the practice of "integrating land management rights", rebuilt the village collective through empowerment, and solved the dilemma of farmers' organization, improving the degree of production socialization of small-scale agriculture. The collective land system constitutes the institutional basis of farmers' organization, which is conducive to overcoming the contradiction between small farmers and large-scale production. It is difficult for grass-roots organizations based on land private ownership to organize small farmers for large-scale production. On the basis of this system, China is expected to explore the characteristic agricultural modernization road based on small-scale agriculture, which is different from the agricultural modernization road of "horizontal integration" and "vertical integration" proposed by the academic circles, with the institutional function of giving consideration to farmers' problems and agricultural problems, which reflects the peculiarity of the socialist agricultural system.

Key words      farmers organization；village collective；small-scale agriculture；the Chinese road of agricultural modernization；agricultural management system innovation；three-power separation

 

■    作者简介 王海娟，法学博士，中国地质大学（武汉）公共管理学院讲师，自然资源部法治研究重点实验室讲师；湖北 武汉 430074；胡守庚，工学博士，中国地质大学（武汉）公共管理学院教授、博士生导师，自然资源部法治研究重点实验室教授。

 

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