作　者：于文轩 宋丽容
关键词：环境司法；预防原则；危险排除责任；禁止令；生态文明建设；生态环境保护；环境公益诉讼；环境风险防范；《环境保护法》
摘　要：

在环境司法中适用预防原则以排除具有生态环境损害危险的行为，并预防生态环境风险，是生态环境保护秩序价值和效率价值的体现，也有利于突破传统的事后救济的司法模式，更好地保护生态环境。在环境司法中适用预防原则，应处理好司法权与行政权的关系，确保以司法权的谦抑性为前提。目前，环境司法中预防原则的适用以环境民事公益诉讼为主要形式，但“重大风险”适用范围不合理，应注重检察公益诉讼中风险预防的适用。危险排除责任和禁止令措施也是预防原则在环境司法中适用的重要表现。明确危险排除责任的意涵与形式，以生态环境风险管控标准为依据，识别和管控风险，并合理分配证明责任，是促进预防性责任在环境司法中适用的重要路径。在禁止令的适用中，应分别完善行为保全性质的禁止令和非诉强制执行性质的禁止令，扩展预防性司法措施的适用。

 

On Implementation of the Precautionary Principle In Environmental Justice

Yu Wenxuan，Song Lirong（China University of Political Science and Law）

 

Abstract In the context of environmental justice, the precautionary principle should be applied to eliminate the behaviors with ecological environmental damage, and prevent the risk of ecological environment, which embodies the order value and efficiency value of environmental law. Only thus can we break through the traditional remedial judicial model that focuses on remedies and dedicate to a more comprehensive protection for the environment. The application of the precautionary principle in environmental justice should respect the relationship between judicial power and administrative power and ensure the modesty of judicial power. At present, the implementation of the precautionary principle in environmental justice mainly takes form of environmental civil public interest litigation. The scope of application of "significant risk" needs to be defined more scientifically, and the risk prevention in public interest litigation should be applied. In addition, danger elimination and prohibition orders are also important for the implementation of precautionary principle in environmental justice. Clarifying the meaning and form of liability for danger elimination, identifying and managing risks based on eco-environmental risk control standards, and reasonably allocating the burden of proof, are effective approaches to promoting the application of preventive responsibility in environ‐ mental justice. The prohibition orders for behavior preservation and non-litigation enforcement should be improved so that the preventive judicial measures could be applied more reasonably.

Key words environmental justice; precautionary principle; responsibility for eliminating danger; prohibition order; development of ecological civilization; ecological and environmental protection; public interest environmental litigation; prevention of environmental risks; Environmental Protection Law of P.R.C.

 

■    作者简介 于文轩，法学博士，中国政法大学民商经济法学院教授、博士生导师；北京 100088；宋丽容，中国政法大学民商经济法学院博士研究生。

 

[PDF]（下载数：）