作　者：熊琦
关键词：著作权许可；专有许可；交易成本；市场竞争秩序；数字音乐服务平台；反垄断
摘　要：

专有许可在我国著作权市场中已成为广泛适用的许可类型，但由于相关合同条款存在争议而被著作权主管部门视为“扰乱市场秩序”的手段，在立法论上引发了关于著作权专有许可合同是否应予限制与如何限制的讨论，在解释论上又呈现出各方皆无法拿出法律依据的悖论，使得由行政约谈和行政处罚促成的限制手段缺乏稳定性和可预期性。在我国互联网产业主导版权产业的背景下，著作权专有许可被著作权人和网络服务提供者在实践中用来代替传统的集中许可，是基于其在交易安全和许可效率上的双重优势。无论是立法论上引进域外限制性规定的建言，还是解释论上的对强制缔约类推适用和滥用市场支配地位的认定，在我国都存在法律体系和商业模式上的双重阻碍，欠缺明晰的合理性和法源依据。因此，既不应增加独立的著作权专有许可限制规则，也不能把禁止专有许可纳入《反垄断法》恢复市场竞争状态的必要措施范畴。

 

Copyright Exclusive License and Its Controversies In the Era of Internet

Xiong Qi (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

Abstract  Copyright exclusive license has been broadly accepted in China copyright market, but it was defined as a disruption of market order and refused by the administrative department. Whether exclusive li‐ cense should be restricted and how to restrict are now discussed on legislative level. However, there are no rules in current copyright law or antitrust law that can be used to restrict copyright exclusive license as adopted by copyright owners and internet service providers in the present situation. As the outcome of exclusive rights, exclusive license has its advantages on transaction security and efficiency, which is the reason to re‐ place collective license in a certain scope. Meanwhile, communication technology restrains the disadvantage that exclusive license use to have. Whether China should borrow external exclusive license law or implement a forced recognition of contract and misused operation of market encounters double obstacles in the legal sys‐ tem and business mode in our country. Therefore, copyright exclusive license should not be considered to be restricted whether by current law system or administration.

Key words      copyright license; exclusive license; illegal collective management; transaction costs; competition order; antitrust

 

■    作者简介 熊 琦，法学博士，华中科技大学法学院教授、博士生导师；湖北 武汉 430074。

 

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